Relevance for UPSC-GS Paper 1 (Society)
Why in News
Karnataka has become the first Indian State to approve one day of paid menstrual leave per month for all women employees, covering both government and private sectors. The initiative recognises menstrual health as a workplace concern, but it has sparked debate over whether a single day of leave is sufficient and if it will truly achieve its intended purpose.
Background
- Previously, Bihar (1992) and Odisha (2019) introduced menstrual leave for women government employees, while Kerala implemented it in universities.
- The Karnataka policy, recently approved by the State Cabinet, was drafted by an 18-member committee including doctors, academicians, NGOs, and labour representatives.
- It provides 12 paid leaves annually to women across government, education, factory, and private sectors.
Rationale and Global Context
- The move recognises menstrual health as integral to workplace equity, aligning with constitutional principles of gender justice and affirmative action.
- Globally, countries like Japan, Indonesia, South Korea, and Zambia have similar policies recognising menstrual discomfort as a health issue.
- Medical research shows menstrual cramps (dysmenorrhea) can cause pain comparable to a heart attack, highlighting the need for compassionate policies.
Understanding key terms
Certain medical conditions make menstruation especially painful and debilitating:
- Endometriosis: Tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus, causing severe pelvic pain and fatigue.
- Adenomyosis: The uterine lining grows into the uterine wall, leading to heavy, painful periods.
- Fibroids: Non-cancerous growths in the uterus causing cramps, back pain, and heavy bleeding.
- PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome): Hormonal disorder causing irregular cycles, pain, and exhaustion.
For women with such conditions, a day of rest can significantly improve health and productivity, making menstrual leave more than just a symbolic gesture.
Expert Opinions
Supportive Views:
- Dr. Sapna S., chairperson of the drafting committee, termed it a momentous step toward gender equality and inclusive workplaces.
- Experts argue menstrual leave can reduce absenteeism and improve well-being, promoting long-term productivity.
- Encourages awareness and destigmatisation around menstrual health.
Critical Views:
- Some experts believe one day of leave may not address the severity of menstrual disorders.
- Employers might develop gender bias in recruitment or promotions, perceiving women as less reliable.
- Dr. Hema Divakar and others suggest a shift toward wellness checks, diagnosis, and preventive healthcare, rather than symbolic policies alone.
Challenges
- Implementation clarity: Need for detailed guidelines to ensure fairness and prevent misuse.
- Workplace stigma: Women may hesitate to use leave fearing judgment or bias.
- Uniform policy limitation: Menstrual experiences differ; flexibility and sensitivity are vital.
Way Forward
- Ensure voluntary and stigma-free implementation of menstrual leave.
- Conduct awareness and sensitisation programmes for both genders at workplaces.
- Integrate menstrual health and hygiene into National Health Mission and POSHAN 2.0.
- Encourage inclusive HR practices, ensuring menstrual leave does not affect career growth.
- Promote medical screening for menstrual disorders and provide wellness facilities at workplaces.
Conclusion
Karnataka’s menstrual leave policy is a progressive recognition of women’s health rights, but its impact will depend on implementation, awareness, and workplace culture. For true gender equity, the focus must extend beyond leave to comprehensive menstrual health management, education, and inclusive workplace reforms. Symbolism must evolve into systemic sensitivity—where women’s biological needs are respected without compromising their professional opportunities.
UPSC Mains Practice Question
Q. “Recognising menstrual health in workplace policies is not merely a welfare measure but a step towards gender justice and inclusive governance.”Discuss the significance of menstrual leave policies in promoting gender equality and inclusive growth in India.(250 Word )