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Why in news Defence & Strategic Cooperation Joint focus on defence technology in: Cooperation in: Singapore acknowledged India’s interest in patrolling the Malacca Straits.About Malacca Straits Geography: Narrow stretch connecting Andaman Sea (Bay of Bengal) with South China Sea (Pacific Ocean). Importance: Current Patrolling Countries: Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Singapore. UPSC Pointers Upsc prelims Question(2011) Q.Between […]

 Goods and Services Tax (GST) Constitutional Amendment Act (CAA) Type of Tax Key Features GST Council Members of GST Council Voting Pattern Quorum

Relevance for UPSC Papers Context BodyAntibiotic Consumption in India       Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR): Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) refers to a condition where microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites evolve mechanisms to survive exposure to drugs (antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, etc.) that were previously effective in destroying them or inhibiting their growth. Gut–Brain Axis and

UPSC Relevance GS Paper 2 (IR): India-U.S. relations, multipolarity, Global South diplomacy. GS Paper 3 (Economy): Trade policy, tariff impacts, manufacturing growth. Essay/Optional: Topics on globalisation, protectionism, and equitable development. Why in News The return of Donald Trump to the White House has re-ignited the tariff wars and economic disruptions across the globe. While this

UPSC Relevance Prelims:GST slabs & exemptions, Article 279A, GST Council composition, GSTAT. Mains (GS III):Taxation & economic reforms; GST 2.0’s role in ease of doing business, agriculture, health, federalism. Why in News? The 56th meeting of the GST Council (3rd September 2025) introduced what is being termed as “GST 2.0” — the most comprehensive reform

Upsc relevance-GS Paper II (International Relations & Polity) Why in News? Prime Minister Narendra Modi attended the 25th Meeting of the Council of Heads of State of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), held in Tianjin, China in 2025.This summit was historic because it marked the first Modi–Xi bilateral meeting since the 2020 Galwan clashes, signaling

UPSC Relevance – Women Judges in SC Prelims-Art. 124 – Appointment of SC judges,Collegium System – 2nd Judges Case (1993), 3rd Judges Case (1998),Strength of SC – 34 judges (incl. CJI),First woman judge – Justice Fathima Beevi (1989). Mains (GS II)-Issues: Opaque Collegium, lack of gender/caste diversity, late appointments limit tenure. Essay/Linkages-“Gender Justice as unfinished

UPSC Relevance Prelims: PMJAY, SHIPs, Bhore Committee (1946), National Health Policy 2017.India’s health expenditure = 1.3% of GDP (2022). Mains (GS-II / GS-III):Issues of Public Health & Governance: Essay Topics:“Health insurance cannot substitute for public health care.”“Universal Health Care is a right, not a privilege.” Why in News India has witnessed a sharp expansion of

UPSC Relevance: Prelims Pointers-CPCB Noise Rules year: 2000,NANMN launched: 2011,WHO safe noise limit: 50 dB day, 40 dB night,Constitutional Articles: 21, 48A, 51A(g)Mains– GS Paper 2: Constitutional rights, governance, judicial interventions, GS Paper 3: Environmental pollution, public health, urban planning, Essay Paper: “Urbanisation and its Silent Costs” / “Health and Dignity in Cities”. Why in

UPSC Relevance GS Paper 3 (Economy): Growth, energy security, digital economy, PLI, semiconductor push. GS Paper 2 (Governance): Welfare delivery via DBT, inclusive growth, cooperative federalism. Essay: “Growth without equity is hollow”; “India’s economic churn: opportunities and challenges”. Why in News India registered a 7.8% GDP growth in Q1 FY2025, among the fastest globally (MoSPI).S&P